Enforcement data · Sector

Legionella enforcement: care homes

5 tracked UK prosecutions in the care homes sector, totalling £2.36m in fines from 2012 to 2020. Every case is drawn from the curated enforcement record and cited to its primary source.

Part of the Legionella Data Index · curated record, last reviewed July 2026

5Prosecutions tracked
£2.36mTotal fines
£1.5mLargest single fine
4Involving a death or outbreak
DefendantYearRegionFineProsecutor
Sentinel Health Care Limited Death/outbreak
A 56-year-old resident died of Legionnaires' disease contracted at a Hampshire care home in 2020. In the CQC's first legionella prosecution, the company admitted failing to provide safe care and treatment. Source
2020 South East England £150k Care Quality Commission
Bupa Care Homes (BNH) Limited Death/outbreak
An 86-year-old resident died of Legionnaires' disease at a Brentwood care home in 2015, months after refurbishment. The company failed to flush and disinfect the system, the manager lacked training, warnings were ignored and records were falsified. Fined £3m, reduced to £1.5m by the Court of Appeal. Source
2018 East of England £1.5m HSE
Four Seasons Health Care Limited Death/outbreak
A 90-year-old resident died of Legionnaires' disease at a Kirkby-in-Ashfield care home in 2012 after the company failed to properly manage legionella in the water system. Prosecuted by the local authority. Source
2016 East Midlands £600k Ashfield District Council
Reading Borough Council Death/outbreak
A 95-year-old resident died in 2012 of legionella pneumonia at a council-run intermediate-care home, where the strain in his room's washbasin tap matched his infection. Monitoring and flushing had been left to an inadequately trained handyman with no cover. Source
2016 South East England £100k HSE
Mother Redcaps Care Home
A Wallasey care home had no system to manage its hot and cold water and failed to comply with an HSE improvement notice despite two extensions, putting elderly residents at risk. Source
2012 North West England £7k HSE

This is a curated record of significant, well-documented cases, not a complete list of every prosecution in the sector, and it skews towards fatal and heavily reported cases. Cases with no fine (a conditional discharge, for example) count as prosecutions but add nothing to the fines total. The full record, the curation rules and the correction policy are on the Legionella Enforcement Tracker.

Past prosecutions show what courts have punished; they say nothing about any individual building. The failings that recur in these cases - no risk assessment, no written scheme, no monitoring records, warnings ignored - are exactly what the baseline controls address, and our sector guide for care homes walks through them.

Getting your risk assessment on record

Free legionella risk assessment template

A structured Word document following the five-step approach in ACOP L8. Covers risk identification, written scheme, monitoring, and records. If it isn't written down, you can't evidence it.

Follows ACoP L8 and HSG274 Part 2. Free. No spam.

Important This page is general guidance only. Legionella risk varies with the specific water system, its use, and the people exposed to it. You should consult a competent legionella risk assessor for advice on your premises. LegionellaCheck is an independent information service and is not affiliated with HSE, UKAS, the Legionella Control Association, or any water hygiene company. This site does not provide medical advice. If you suspect Legionnaires' disease, contact NHS 111 or your GP.